The discovery that microplastics have invaded human brains has triggered widespread alarm among scientists, leading to calls for a global emergency to address the escalating plastic pollution crisis. Recent studies reveal that these tiny plastic particles, less than 5mm in size, have been detected in critical human organs, including the brain, heart, liver, and kidneys. This revelation is particularly concerning given the growing evidence linking microplastics to various health issues, including inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.<h4>Microplastics and Their Pathways into the Brain</h4>Microplastics can enter the human body through various means—primarily ingestion and inhalation. They are ubiquitous in the environment, present in the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. Once inside the body, these particles can migrate through the bloodstream, bypassing the blood-brain barrier, a critical defense mechanism designed to protect the brain from harmful substances.A study by researchers at South Korea's Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) highlighted the alarming effects of microplastics on brain tissue. They found that weathered microplastics—those that have undergone natural degradation due to environmental factors like UV light—are particularly toxic. In laboratory experiments, these particles induced significant inflammation in the brains of test animals, suggesting that prolonged exposure could lead to severe neurological damage in humans.<h4>Implications for Human Health</h4>The accumulation of microplastics in the brain is linked to an inflammatory response that could potentially accelerate the onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The study showed that microplastics can trigger the activation of microglial cells, the brain's primary immune cells, which leads to chronic inflammation. Over time, this could result in the death of brain cells and the deterioration of cognitive functions.Additionally, another study conducted in Beijing found microplastics in heart tissues, further demonstrating that these particles can infiltrate even the most protected organs. This finding raises concerns about the long-term cardiovascular impacts of microplastic exposure, especially since the heart is an enclosed organ, not directly exposed to environmental pollutants.<h4>Urgent Call for Global Action</h4>The pervasive presence of microplastics in human organs has prompted experts to call for immediate action. Researchers emphasize that the situation requires urgent global intervention to curb plastic pollution and prevent further health crises. The discovery of microplastics in the brain and other vital organs marks a significant escalation in the understanding of the dangers posed by plastic waste, shifting the focus from environmental impact to direct human health threats.To combat this growing menace, scientists advocate for stricter regulations on plastic production and disposal, increased public awareness about the dangers of microplastics, and further research to understand the full extent of their health impacts. The findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing plastic pollution, one that considers both environmental and human health dimensions.In conclusion, the invasion of microplastics into human brains represents a critical juncture in the global fight against plastic pollution. As evidence of their harmful effects continues to mount, the urgency for coordinated international action has never been greater. The health of current and future generations may depend on the steps taken now to mitigate this invisible yet pervasive threat.

Microplastics Invade Human Brains, Sparking Global Health Concerns

A recent outbreak of listeria linked to deli meats has resulted in the deaths of two individuals and the hospitalization of 28 others across 12 states, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The outbreak, which has been traced to meats sliced at deli counters, has raised significant public health concerns and prompted warnings from federal health officials.The CDC reported that the outbreak has affected individuals in states including New York, Maryland, Illinois, Georgia, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Wisconsin. New York has reported the highest number of cases with seven individuals falling ill. The two fatalities were from Illinois and New Jersey. The ages of those affected range from 32 to 94 years, with a median age of 75. The demographic breakdown shows that 72% of the patients identify as white, 23% as Black or African American, and 5% as Asian. The CDC noted that the actual number of cases might be higher, as some individuals may recover without seeking medical care and thus go unreported.The CDC, in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS), is investigating the source of the contamination. Preliminary findings indicate that the outbreak is likely linked to meats sliced at deli counters, with no evidence suggesting that prepackaged deli meats are involved. Among the 18 individuals who were interviewed, 16 reported consuming deli-sliced meats such as turkey, liverwurst, and ham from various supermarket and grocery store delis.Listeria monocytogenes, the bacterium responsible for listeriosis, can cause severe infections, particularly in vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, newborns, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. The symptoms of listeriosis can range from fever, muscle aches, and fatigue to more severe manifestations like stiff neck, confusion, and loss of balance. Pregnant women may experience mild flu-like symptoms but are at risk of severe complications, including premature delivery and stillbirth. The CDC emphasizes that symptoms can appear anywhere from one to 70 days after consuming contaminated food, making it crucial for individuals who have eaten deli-sliced meats to monitor their health and seek medical attention if symptoms develop.In light of the outbreak, the CDC has issued several recommendations to mitigate the risk of listeriosis. Individuals at higher risk are advised to avoid consuming meats sliced at deli counters unless they are heated to an internal temperature of 165 degrees Fahrenheit or until steaming hot just before serving. This precaution is vital as Listeria can grow on foods stored in the refrigerator but is killed by high temperatures. The CDC also advises the public to be vigilant about their health and to consult healthcare providers if they experience symptoms of listeriosis after consuming deli meats. Public health officials are continuing to collect data and perform DNA fingerprinting on bacteria samples to trace the source of the outbreak more precisely.The USDA-FSIS is working to identify the suppliers of the contaminated deli meats. The CDC is utilizing the PulseNet system, a national database of DNA fingerprints of bacteria that cause foodborne illnesses, to identify and track cases related to this outbreak. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has shown that the bacteria from the sick individuals' samples are genetically related, suggesting a common source of contamination.The listeria outbreak linked to deli meats underscores the importance of food safety and the need for rigorous monitoring and preventive measures. As the investigation continues, federal health officials are urging the public to adhere to safety guidelines and remain informed about potential risks associated with deli meats. The CDC's ongoing efforts aim to prevent further cases and protect public health from this serious foodborne illness.

Listeria Outbreak in Deli Meats Kills Two

Pueblo County, Colorado, has reported a rare case of bubonic plague, health officials confirmed this week. The infected individual, whose identity remains undisclosed, is currently hospitalized and showing signs of improvement. This case has prompted local and state health authorities to issue warnings and preventive measures to the public.<h4>What is Bubonic Plague?</h4>Bubonic plague is caused by the bacterium *Yersinia pestis*, which is typically transmitted through the bites of infected fleas that live on wild rodents. The disease can also spread through direct contact with infected animals or inhaling respiratory droplets from infected individuals or animals. Historically, bubonic plague is infamous for causing the Black Death in the 14th century, which decimated Europe's population.<h4>Symptoms and Treatment</h4>The symptoms of bubonic plague usually appear one to seven days after exposure and include sudden onset of fever, chills, severe headaches, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, and swollen, painful lymph nodes known as buboes. These buboes typically develop in the groin, armpit, or neck and are a hallmark of the disease.Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. "Plague can be treated successfully with antibiotics, but an infected person must be treated promptly to avoid serious complications or death," said Alicia Solis, program manager of the Office of Communicable Disease and Emergency Preparedness at the Pueblo Department of Public Health and Environment (PDPHE).<h4>Preventive Measures</h4>Health officials have emphasized several preventive measures to reduce the risk of contracting the plague:- Eliminate Rodent Habitats: Remove brush, rock piles, trash, and excess firewood around homes, garages, sheds, and recreation areas to minimize rodent nesting spaces. - Avoid Contact with Dead Animals: If handling dead or sick animals is necessary, use insect repellent to protect against fleas, wear gloves, and use a long-handled shovel to place the carcass in a garbage bag before disposing of it in an outdoor trash can. - Use Insect Repellent: Apply insect repellent containing 20%-30% DEET to prevent flea bites. Treat pants, socks, shoe tops, arms, and legs. - Pet Care: Regularly treat pets for fleas, avoid letting them hunt or roam in rodent habitats such as prairie dog colonies, and do not allow pets to sleep in bed with you. Store pet food in rodent-proof containers.<h4>Local and Historical Context</h4>Pueblo County, located about 100 miles south of Denver, is no stranger to plague cases. The disease naturally occurs in semi-rural to rural areas of the Western United States, including Colorado, Arizona, California, and New Mexico. Commonly infected animals include chipmunks, mice, prairie dogs, rabbits, squirrels, voles, and wood rats.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the United States records an average of seven human plague cases annually, with most occurring in the Southwest. The last significant urban outbreak in the U.S. was in Los Angeles in 1924-1925, linked to rat-infested ships.<h4>Public Health Response</h4>The Pueblo Department of Public Health and Environment, in collaboration with the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, is conducting confirmatory tests and working to determine the source of the infection. "The state is continuing to communicate with that person and their family," said Trysten Garcia, Public Information Officer for PDPHE. "Hopefully those conversations and interviews will shed a little bit more light for us to be able to get info out."Health officials urge the public to remain vigilant and take necessary precautions to protect themselves and their pets from plague. For more information and updates, residents are encouraged to visit the PDPHE website.<h4>Conclusion</h4>While the bubonic plague is now rare and treatable with modern antibiotics, it remains a serious disease that requires prompt medical attention. The case in Pueblo County serves as a reminder of the importance of preventive measures and early treatment to mitigate the risks associated with this ancient but persistent threat.

Person in Colorado Infected with Bubonic Plague: Here's What to Know

Fresno, CA — Two sisters from California are currently fighting for their lives in the intensive care unit (ICU) after contracting foodborne botulism from a home-canned cactus salad. The Fresno County Department of Health reported that the siblings, who have not been named, are on ventilators as they battle the severe effects of this rare but potentially fatal illness.The incident came to light after a group of individuals who attended two separate family gatherings in June began experiencing alarming symptoms such as dizziness, vision problems, and difficulty swallowing. The common factor among all the affected individuals was the consumption of a cactus salad, locally known as "nopales," which had been prepared using home-canned cactus pads.Botulism is caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium *Clostridium botulinum*. This toxin attacks the body's nerves and can result in a range of symptoms including difficulty in swallowing and speaking, vision impairment, facial muscle weakness, breathing difficulties, nausea, and even paralysis. While botulism is rare, it can be fatal if not treated promptly and appropriately.Health officials quickly traced the source of the contamination to the home-canned cactus pads. It was initially believed that the cactus used in the salad had been frozen, but it was later revealed that the pads had been canned at home by one of the individuals who prepared the dish in May. The investigation suggested that improper canning practices, particularly inadequate sterilization and insufficient salt usage, may have allowed the bacteria to thrive and produce the dangerous toxin.The Fresno County Department of Health has since issued a warning to the community about the risks associated with home canning, especially when proper procedures are not followed. "Home canning can be a safe and effective way to preserve food, but it is crucial to adhere to recommended guidelines to prevent contamination," said a health department spokesperson. "We urge everyone to be vigilant and ensure that they are using safe canning practices."The affected sisters remain in critical condition, relying on ventilator support due to the severe impact of the botulism toxin on their muscles and nerves. Medical professionals are cautiously optimistic about their recovery, noting that with ongoing treatment, there is hope for a full recovery. However, the road to recovery is expected to be long and challenging.This incident has sparked a broader conversation about food safety and the importance of proper food preservation techniques. Health experts emphasize that botulism can be prevented by following established canning guidelines, which include using the correct amount of salt, ensuring proper sterilization of equipment, and using pressure canners for low-acid foods like cactus pads.The community has rallied around the affected family, offering support and prayers for the sisters' recovery. Local health officials continue to monitor the situation closely and are working to raise awareness about the dangers of improper home canning practices.As the sisters continue their fight in the ICU, their story serves as a stark reminder of the potential risks associated with home food preservation. The Fresno County Department of Health hopes that this unfortunate incident will lead to increased awareness and adherence to safe canning practices, ultimately preventing similar occurrences in the future.

2 Sisters in ICU after eating salad contaminated with deadly bacteria

A new study from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has cast doubt on the long-held belief that daily multivitamin supplements contribute to a longer life. Published in the *JAMA Network Open*, the study analyzed data from nearly 400,000 generally healthy adults over a period of more than two decades. The findings suggest that regular multivitamin use does not improve longevity and may even be associated with a slightly higher risk of death.The research, led by Dr. Erikka Loftfield from the National Cancer Institute, scrutinized the health records of participants who were free from major chronic diseases at the study's outset. Participants, aged between 18 and 74, were divided into three groups based on their multivitamin usage: non-users, non-daily users, and daily users. Over the study period, nearly 165,000 deaths were recorded, with causes ranging from cancer to heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases.Surprisingly, the study found no evidence that daily multivitamin use reduced the risk of death from any cause. In fact, daily multivitamin users exhibited a 4% higher risk of mortality compared to non-users. This finding aligns with previous research that has questioned the efficacy of multivitamins in preventing chronic diseases and extending life.Dr. Loftfield and her team accounted for various factors that could influence the results, such as diet quality, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. Despite these adjustments, the association between multivitamin use and increased mortality risk remained. The researchers suggest that this could be due to the "sick user effect," where individuals with underlying health issues are more likely to start taking multivitamins in an attempt to improve their health.The study's findings have sparked a debate among health experts. Dr. Neal Barnard, an adjunct professor at George Washington University, emphasized that while vitamins have specific uses, such as preventing scurvy with vitamin C or supporting eye health with beta-carotene, the overall scientific consensus does not support their role in extending lifespan. "The best approach to nutrition is a balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes," Dr. Barnard stated.Jane Mellor, a registered dietitian and senior lecturer at Aston Medical School, echoed these sentiments, noting that supplements should not be seen as a substitute for a healthy diet. "Multivitamins can help fill nutrient gaps for individuals who struggle to get enough vitamins from food alone, such as vitamin D in winter or vitamin B12 for vegans," Mellor explained. However, she stressed that for the general population, focusing on a nutrient-rich diet is more beneficial.The study also highlighted the potential risks associated with certain supplements. For example, beta-carotene supplements have been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer and heart disease in smokers, while excessive iron intake from multivitamins can lead to iron overload, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dementia.Despite the lack of evidence supporting the longevity benefits of multivitamins, they remain popular. Nearly one-third of U.S. adults report taking them regularly, driven by the belief that they can prevent disease and promote overall health. However, the study's authors caution against relying on supplements for longevity benefits and advocate for a diet-based approach to nutrition.Dr. Jade Cobern, a board-certified physician in pediatrics and general preventive medicine, advised individuals to consult their doctors about their dietary needs and supplement use. "Routine health checkups and discussions with healthcare providers are essential to determine if specific vitamin supplements are necessary based on individual health history and diet," Dr. Cobern recommended.In conclusion, while multivitamins may offer benefits for certain individuals with specific nutrient deficiencies, the evidence does not support their use for extending life in generally healthy adults. The study underscores the importance of obtaining nutrients from a balanced diet and highlights the need for further research to understand the complex relationship between supplements and health outcomes.

Daily Multivitamins May Not Promote Longevity, Study Finds

In a landmark decision, the United States Supreme Court has unanimously ruled to preserve access to mifepristone, a widely used medication for abortions. This ruling, delivered on June 13, 2024, marks the first major abortion-related decision by the Court since it overturned Roe v. Wade in 2022. The decision has significant implications for reproductive rights and the regulatory authority of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).The case, which consolidated Food and Drug Administration (FDA) v. Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine and Danco Laboratories LLC v. Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine, centered on the FDA's approval and subsequent regulatory actions regarding mifepristone. Mifepristone, in combination with misoprostol, is used in over 60% of medication abortions in the United States. The drug has been a focal point for anti-abortion activists, who have sought to restrict its availability.The plaintiffs, a group of anti-abortion doctors and medical associations, argued that the FDA's decisions in 2016 and 2021 to ease restrictions on mifepristone were flawed and posed risks to women's health. They contended that the FDA's approval process was inadequate and that the relaxed regulations increased the likelihood of complications, which they might have to treat, thus causing them harm.However, the Supreme Court, in a unanimous opinion written by Justice Brett Kavanaugh, dismissed the lawsuit on procedural grounds, stating that the plaintiffs lacked the legal standing to bring the case. Kavanaugh emphasized that the plaintiffs' "sincere legal, moral, ideological, and policy objections" to mifepristone did not constitute a justiciable case or controversy under Article III of the Constitution. He suggested that their concerns should be addressed through the political or regulatory process, rather than the courts.The ruling effectively overturns a decision by U.S. District Judge Matthew Kacsmaryk, who had previously suspended the FDA's approval of mifepristone and its subsequent regulatory changes. Kacsmaryk's ruling had been partially upheld by the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which allowed the drug to remain on the market but reinstated pre-2016 restrictions. The Supreme Court's decision ensures that mifepristone will continue to be available under the current FDA regulations, which include allowing the drug to be prescribed via telehealth and mailed to patients.The decision has been met with relief by reproductive rights advocates and healthcare providers, who had expressed concerns about the potential impact of restricting access to mifepristone. The Biden administration, which had intervened in the case to argue for maintaining the status quo, hailed the ruling as a victory for reproductive healthcare. Abigail Long, a spokesperson for Danco Laboratories, the manufacturer of mifepristone, praised the decision for safeguarding access to a drug with a long track record of safety and effectiveness.On the other hand, anti-abortion groups expressed disappointment with the ruling but vowed to continue their efforts to restrict access to abortion medications. Erin Hawley, a representative of the Alliance Defending Freedom, which represented the plaintiffs, stated that they would persist in their advocacy for stricter regulations on mifepristone.The Supreme Court's decision underscores the ongoing legal and political battles over reproductive rights in the United States. Since the overturning of Roe v. Wade, more than a dozen states have enacted near-total bans on abortion, and others have imposed significant restrictions. The ruling on mifepristone highlights the complex legal landscape surrounding abortion and the challenges faced by both advocates and opponents of reproductive rights.Looking ahead, the Supreme Court is expected to hear additional cases related to abortion, including one that examines whether a federal law on emergency hospital treatment overrides state abortion bans in cases where a pregnant patient's health is at grave risk. The outcome of these cases will further shape the future of reproductive rights in the United States.In conclusion, the Supreme Court's unanimous decision to preserve access to mifepristone represents a significant moment in the ongoing debate over abortion in the United States. By focusing on procedural grounds, the Court avoided addressing the broader issues of the FDA's regulatory authority and the safety of mifepristone, leaving the door open for future legal challenges. For now, mifepristone remains widely available, providing a crucial option for women seeking medication abortions.

Unanimous Supreme Court preserves access to abortion medication

A recent study published in The Lancet Regional Health — Europe has raised significant concerns about the health implications of consuming ultraprocessed plant-based foods. The research, conducted by a team from the University of São Paulo and Imperial College London, reveals that while plant-based diets are generally associated with numerous health benefits, the consumption of ultraprocessed plant-based foods (UPFs) can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and early death.The study utilized data from the UK Biobank, a comprehensive longitudinal study involving over 118,000 participants aged 40 to 69 from England, Scotland, and Wales. Participants provided detailed information about their dietary habits, which was then linked to their hospital and mortality records. The findings indicate a stark contrast between the health outcomes of those consuming minimally processed plant-based foods and those consuming ultraprocessed plant-based foods.Ultraprocessed foods are defined by their extensive industrial processing, which often includes heating, nutrient and protein extraction, molding, and compression. These foods typically contain added chemicals to enhance their appearance, smell, taste, and texture, making them highly palatable and convenient. Common examples of ultraprocessed plant-based foods include packaged breads, pastries, buns, cakes, cookies, and plant-based meat alternatives like sausages, nuggets, and burgers.The study found that consuming ultraprocessed plant-based foods increased the risk of cardiovascular disease by 5% and the risk of early death by 13%. Conversely, replacing 10% of plant-based ultraprocessed foods with fresh, frozen, or minimally processed plants reduced the risk of developing cardiovascular disease by 7% and dying from heart disease by 13%.Lead author Fernanda Rauber, a researcher at the University of São Paulo, explained that the composition and processing methods of ultraprocessed foods could lead to higher blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Food additives and industrial contaminants present in these foods might cause oxidative stress and inflammation, further exacerbating the risks. Rauber emphasized the importance of considering the degree of processing when making plant-based food choices to improve cardiovascular health outcomes.The study also highlighted the deceptive marketing of plant-based ultraprocessed foods as healthy alternatives. Co-author Dr. Eszter Vamos from Imperial College London noted that while these foods are often marketed as healthy, they do not seem to have protective health effects and are linked to poor health outcomes. The researchers advocate for nutritional guidelines that promote plant-based diets to include warnings against consuming ultraprocessed foods.Independent experts have echoed these concerns. Duane Mellor, a registered dietitian and senior teaching fellow at Aston Medical School in Birmingham, UK, pointed out that not all plant-based foods are created equal. He emphasized that many foods technically classified as plant-based, such as biscuits, crisps, confectionery, and soft drinks, are not considered essential components of a healthy diet. Mellor stressed the importance of a balanced diet rich in whole foods like vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, and whole grains.Tom Sanders, professor emeritus of nutrition and dietetics at King’s College London, concurred, stating that well-balanced plant-based diets, such as the Mediterranean or DASH diets, are beneficial for cardiovascular health. These diets already emphasize avoiding unhealthy foods like crisps, sugar-sweetened beverages, cakes, biscuits, and confectionery, regardless of whether they are industrially produced or homemade.The study's findings underscore the need for consumers to be vigilant about the foods they choose and the role processing plays in their overall health. By focusing on whole, minimally processed plant-based foods, individuals can optimize their nutritional intake and improve their health outcomes. The research serves as a reminder that while plant-based diets can offer numerous health benefits, it is crucial to be mindful of the level of processing of the foods consumed to ensure that the potential benefits are not outweighed by negative consequences.In conclusion, the study published in The Lancet Regional Health — Europe highlights the double-edged nature of plant-based diets. While they can significantly reduce the risk of chronic diseases and promote longevity, the inclusion of ultraprocessed plant-based foods can undermine these benefits. Consumers are encouraged to prioritize whole, unprocessed plant-based foods to harness the full health benefits of a plant-based diet and contribute to a more sustainable food system.

Plant-Based Ultraprocessed Foods Linked to Heart Disease, Early Death

Plant-Based Ultraprocessed Foods Linked to Heart Disease, Early Death, Study Says

In a significant development for Alzheimer's treatment, an advisory panel to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has unanimously recommended the approval of Eli Lilly's experimental drug, donanemab. The panel's 11-0 vote in favor of the drug marks a crucial step towards its potential market release, which could make it the second drug of its kind available in the United States.<h4>Promising Clinical Results</h4>Donanemab, a monoclonal antibody, targets amyloid plaques in the brain, which are believed to play a key role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. The drug has shown promising results in clinical trials, particularly in slowing cognitive decline in patients with early-stage Alzheimer's. In a Phase 3 trial, donanemab demonstrated a 35% reduction in disease progression over an 18-month period compared to a placebo. This trial included nearly 1,700 participants aged 60 to 85, all in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.The trial's results were compelling enough to convince the FDA panel of the drug's efficacy. Dr. Dean Follmann, assistant director for biostatistics at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a panel member, stated, "The evidence is very strong, and the trials show the effectiveness of the drug."<h4>Balancing Benefits and Risks</h4>Despite the promising results, the panel also had to weigh the potential risks associated with donanemab. The drug has been linked to amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIAs), which can lead to brain swelling and bleeding. During the clinical trials, there were three deaths attributed to ARIAs among participants receiving donanemab. These safety concerns were a significant point of discussion during the panel's deliberations.However, the panel concluded that the benefits of donanemab outweigh its risks, particularly for the specific patient population studied. The panel recommended that the drug's use be restricted to patients with early-stage Alzheimer's and that those with bleeding disorders or on anticoagulants be excluded from treatment. Additionally, the panel suggested close monitoring of patients for ARIAs, with the possibility of pausing treatment if such abnormalities are detected.<h4>Broader Implications and Future Research</h4>The unanimous vote by the FDA panel is a hopeful sign for the millions of Americans affected by Alzheimer's disease. If the FDA follows the panel's recommendation, donanemab would join Eisai and Biogen's Leqembi as the second approved drug targeting amyloid plaques. Leqembi, which was approved earlier, has shown a 27% reduction in disease progression over 18 months.The approval of donanemab could also pave the way for further advancements in Alzheimer's treatment. Dr. Joanne Pike, president and CEO of the Alzheimer's Association, expressed optimism about the potential for combination therapies that could address the complexity of the disease. "A rich and robust life without the threat of memory loss, confusion, or cognitive decline: this is what we envision," she said.<h4>Market and Financial Impact</h4>The panel's endorsement has already had a positive impact on Eli Lilly's stock, with shares experiencing a surge in after-hours trading. Analysts predict that donanemab could become a blockbuster product, potentially generating close to $3 billion in annual sales at its peak. This would be a significant addition to Eli Lilly's portfolio, which has been bolstered by the success of its GLP-1 drug for obesity.<h4>Next Steps</h4>While the FDA is not obligated to follow the recommendations of its advisory panels, it typically does. The exact timing of the FDA's final decision on donanemab remains uncertain, but the panel's unanimous vote could expedite the approval process. If approved, donanemab would offer a new treatment option for patients in the early stages of Alzheimer's, potentially improving their quality of life and slowing the progression of this debilitating disease.In conclusion, the FDA panel's unanimous endorsement of donanemab represents a significant milestone in the fight against Alzheimer's disease. With its potential to slow cognitive decline and improve patient outcomes, donanemab could become a vital tool in the ongoing battle against this devastating condition. The medical community and patients alike now await the FDA's final decision, hopeful for a new era in Alzheimer's treatment.

FDA Panel Unanimously Endorses Eli Lilly's Alzheimer's Drug Donanemab

In a recent study published in the European Heart Journal, researchers from the Cleveland Clinic have raised alarms about the potential health risks associated with xylitol, a popular low-calorie sugar substitute. The study suggests that high consumption of xylitol may significantly increase the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and cardiovascular-related deaths.Xylitol, a sugar alcohol found naturally in small quantities in fruits and vegetables, is widely used in sugar-free products such as gum, candies, toothpaste, and various keto-friendly foods. It is favored for its ability to mimic the taste of sugar while containing 40% fewer calories.&nbsp;The research team, led by Dr. Stanley Hazen, chair of cardiovascular and metabolic sciences at the Cleveland Clinic's Lerner Research Institute, conducted an extensive analysis involving over 3,000 participants from the U.S. and the UK. The study revealed that individuals with the highest levels of xylitol in their blood had nearly double the risk of heart attack, stroke, or death over the subsequent three years compared to those with the lowest levels.Dr. Hazen explained that the team discovered xylitol's potential dangers while investigating new pathways linked to heart disease risk. "We examined blood samples from thousands of people and identified substances that were elevated among those who went on to have serious heart events. Xylitol was near the top of the list," he said.The study's findings are particularly concerning given the increasing use of sugar substitutes in response to rising obesity rates and the demand for low-calorie, low-sugar products. Dr. Hazen emphasized that the very individuals most likely to consume these substitutes—those with diabetes or at risk for cardiovascular disease—are the ones who may be most adversely affected.To understand the underlying mechanisms, the researchers conducted experiments on mice and added xylitol to blood and plasma samples in a lab setting. They also gave a xylitol-containing drink to ten healthy volunteers. The results showed that xylitol interacts with platelets, making them more prone to clotting. Blood clots are a leading cause of heart attacks and strokes, and the study suggests that xylitol may exacerbate this risk.Dr. Matthew Tomey, a cardiologist at Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital in New York City, who was not involved in the study, commented on the findings, stating, "These experiments are intriguing but do not definitively prove that platelet abnormalities are responsible for the link between xylitol and clinical events."The study's implications extend beyond xylitol. Last year, the same research team found similar results for erythritol, another sugar alcohol used in many low-calorie and keto products. Both studies indicate that these sugar substitutes may enhance platelet activity, increasing the risk of clotting events.Despite the concerning findings, the study did not establish a causal relationship between xylitol consumption and heart risk. Dr. Sadiya Khan, a cardiologist at Northwestern Medicine Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, emphasized the need for further research to determine what causes elevated xylitol levels in some individuals and how to mitigate this risk.In the meantime, Dr. Hazen advises patients to avoid consuming xylitol and other sugar alcohols, whose names typically end in 'itol.' He suggests using modest amounts of natural sweeteners like sugar, honey, or fruit instead. He also noted that the small amounts of xylitol found in toothpaste and gum are unlikely to pose significant risks.The World Health Organization has also weighed in on the issue, advising consumers to avoid artificial sweeteners for weight loss and calling for more research on their long-term toxicity. The Calorie Control Council, an industry association, has previously dismissed similar findings, stating that they contradict decades of research showing the safety of reduced-calorie sweeteners.As the debate over the safety of sugar substitutes continues, experts agree that more comprehensive studies are needed to fully understand their impact on human health. In the meantime, consumers are urged to be cautious and consider the potential risks associated with high consumption of these seemingly harmless sweeteners.

Common Sugar Substitute Linked to Increased Risk of Heart Attack

In a startling revelation, recent studies have shown that cannabis poisonings among older adults have tripled following the legalization of cannabis in Canada. This demographic, which has seen the highest increase in cannabis use post-legalization, is now facing significant health risks, as evidenced by a surge in emergency department visits for cannabis-related issues.The study, published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine, was led by Dr. Nathan Stall, a geriatrician and clinician scientist at Sinai Health in Ontario. It analyzed data from the Ontario Ministry of Health, examining emergency department visits for cannabis poisoning among older adults during three distinct periods: pre-legalization (January 2015 to September 2018), the first legalization period (October 2018 to December 2019, when only dried cannabis flower was legal), and the second legalization period (January 2020 to December 2022, when cannabis edibles were legalized for retail sale).Over the eight-year study period, there were 2,322 emergency department visits for cannabis poisoning among older adults, with an average age of 69. The data revealed that the rate of emergency visits doubled during the first legalization period and tripled during the second period compared to the pre-legalization rate. This dramatic increase highlights the growing public health concern surrounding cannabis use in older populations.One of the key findings of the study is that older adults may not be aware of the potency of today's cannabis products, particularly edibles. Unlike the cannabis of previous decades, modern cannabis products are significantly stronger, which can lead to severe health issues when consumed in large quantities. The delayed onset of effects from edibles, which can take up to two hours to manifest, often leads to accidental overconsumption. This can result in symptoms such as confusion, psychosis, anxiety, rapid heartbeat, chest pain, nausea, and vomiting.Dr. Stall emphasized the importance of starting with a low dose and proceeding slowly when using cannabis, especially for older adults. He also recommended storing edibles in locked locations and clearly identified packaging to prevent accidental ingestion. The study found that nearly 17% of the older adults who visited the emergency department for cannabis poisoning were also intoxicated with alcohol, about 38% had cancer, and 6.5% had dementia. These findings underscore the complexity of cannabis use in older adults, who are often managing multiple health conditions and medications.The rise in cannabis poisonings among older adults is not limited to Canada. Similar trends have been observed in the United States, where emergency room visits linked to cannabis use in adults aged 65 and older have increased significantly. Health officials have expressed growing concern about the potential interactions between cannabis and other medications commonly used by older adults, as well as the increased risk of falls and injuries due to cannabis-induced dizziness and impaired coordination.Experts like Dr. Lona Mody and Dr. Sharon K. Inouye, who commented on the findings, stress the need for adequate research, education, and counseling regarding the adverse effects and safe usage of cannabis, particularly in older adults. They advocate for open and judgment-free conversations between healthcare providers and older adults about cannabis use, its benefits, and risks. This approach is crucial for ensuring that older adults are well-informed and can make safe choices regarding cannabis use.The study also highlights the need for healthcare providers to be vigilant in screening for cannabis use among older adults and to provide appropriate guidance on safe consumption practices. As the legalization and cultural acceptance of cannabis continue to grow, it is imperative that public health initiatives focus on educating older adults about the potential risks and benefits of cannabis use.In conclusion, while cannabis may offer therapeutic benefits for some older adults, the significant increase in cannabis poisonings underscores the need for caution and education. Older adults, healthcare providers, and policymakers must work together to ensure that the benefits of cannabis use are maximized while minimizing the risks. As Dr. Stall and his colleagues have shown, the stakes are high, and the health and well-being of older adults depend on informed and responsible cannabis use.

Cannabis Poisonings Among Older Adults Have Tripled, Study Finds

In the ever-evolving world of skincare, collagen powder has gained significant attention for its potential benefits in promoting skin health. As the most abundant protein in the human body, collagen plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure, elasticity, and hydration of the skin. However, as we age, our natural collagen production declines, leading to common signs of aging such as wrinkles, dryness, and loss of firmness. This has led many to turn to collagen supplements in hopes of rejuvenating their skin. But does collagen powder truly deliver on its promises? Let's explore the science and expert opinions to uncover the truth.Collagen supplements, particularly hydrolyzed collagen, have been marketed as a miracle solution for aging skin. These supplements are believed to be absorbed more efficiently by the body, potentially leading to improved skin hydration, elasticity, and a reduction in wrinkles. A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials focusing on the effects of hydrolyzed collagen supplementation on human skin revealed promising results. The study, which included 19 randomized, double-blind, controlled trials with a total of 1,125 participants, found that collagen supplementation for 90 days effectively reduced skin aging signs by improving skin hydration, elasticity, and reducing wrinkles.Moreover, another study highlighted the potential of collagen supplements in enhancing skin quality in women over 35 years old when combined with nutritional cofactors like vitamins C and E, and zinc. This suggests that collagen supplements may indeed offer benefits for the skin, particularly in terms of hydration and elasticity.Despite these positive findings, skepticism remains among some experts. The digestive process breaks down collagen into amino acids, and there is no guarantee that these amino acids will reform into collagen specifically where it's needed in the skin. Pia Winberg, a scientist researching the benefits of seaweed for wound healing, emphasized that the body only produces collagen if needed and if the right amino acids are available. This raises questions about the direct impact of collagen supplements on skin health.Clinical dermatologist Stephen Shumack and scientist Pia Winberg argue that obtaining the building blocks of collagen from a balanced diet might be a more logical and cost-effective approach than relying on supplements. They suggest that while there's little harm in taking collagen supplements, their marketing may oversimplify the issue.Animal studies have indicated that whole protein might be directly absorbed, complicating the narrative around collagen supplementation. Some human studies have also shown potential benefits for osteoarthritis and muscle mass when combined with strength training. However, the inconsistency in dosages across studies makes it challenging to determine the optimal level of supplementation.For those seeking a convenient and effective solution, the <a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CKTTT594?maas=maas_adg_CDF29BEE48BE4F89D9FB506A58A8AA56_afap_abs&amp;ref_=aa_maas&amp;tag=maas">ByLappiel Hydrolyzed Collagen Peptides</a> that comes with 1000mg of Vitamin C and Hyaluronic Acid offering a compelling option. This supplement is designed to support hair, skin, nails, and joints with a combination of hydrolyzed collagen peptides, vitamin C, and hyaluronic acid. The orange flavor provides a pleasant taste, making it easy to incorporate into your daily routine.Combining collagen supplements with other beneficial ingredients like hyaluronic acid and vitamin C can further enhance skin health. Hyaluronic acid is known for its ability to retain moisture, keeping the skin hydrated and plump. Vitamin C, on the other hand, is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect the skin from environmental damage and promotes collagen synthesis. Studies have shown that when vitamin C is combined with other topical ingredients like hyaluronic acid, the antioxidant can help protect the skin even more from long-term damage and premature aging caused by harmful sun rays.In conclusion, while there is scientific evidence supporting the benefits of collagen supplementation for skin health, particularly in terms of hydration and elasticity, the effectiveness may vary depending on individual factors and the quality of the supplement. Consumers should approach collagen supplements with informed skepticism and consider them as part of a broader strategy for skin health that includes a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle choices. As the research continues to evolve, it's clear that collagen's role in skin health is complex and multifaceted, warranting further investigation.

The Benefits of Collagen Powder for Your Skin: A Closer Look

In a poignant turn of events, Richard Slayman, the first person to receive a genetically modified pig kidney transplant, has passed away nearly two months after the groundbreaking medical procedure. The 62-year-old Massachusetts resident's death was announced by his family and Massachusetts General Hospital, where the transplant was performed.Slayman's pioneering transplant marked a significant milestone in the field of xenotransplantation, the process of transplanting organs or tissues between different species. This medical advancement aimed to address the critical shortage of human organs available for transplantation.<h4>The Transplant and Its Immediate Aftermath</h4>In March, under the watchful eyes of a team of surgeons at Massachusetts General Hospital, Slayman received a kidney from a genetically modified pig, developed by biotech startup eGenesis. The kidney was designed to be compatible with the human immune system to prevent rejection, a common complication in transplants from animal sources.The transplant, which was part of a study approved under the Food and Drug Administration's "compassionate use" program, was initially deemed a success. Slayman's new kidney functioned as hoped, and he was discharged from the hospital with what his doctors called "one of the cleanest bills of health he'd had in a long time."<h4>Slayman's Health Journey</h4>Prior to the transplant, Slayman had been on dialysis for several years due to kidney failure, a common yet life-threatening condition. His situation was complicated by a previous kidney transplant from a human donor in 2018, which began to fail last year, necessitating his return to dialysis.The decision to proceed with a xenotransplant was driven by the dire shortage of suitable human organs and the pressing need for innovative solutions to save lives. Genetically modified pig kidneys, like the one transplanted into Slayman, are seen as a potential way to bridge this gap.<h4>The Ethical and Medical Implications</h4>The use of animal organs in human transplants is not without controversy. Ethical concerns have been raised about the implications of using animals as organ donors. Medical challenges include the risk of transmitting animal viruses to humans and the body's potential rejection of the foreign tissue.Despite these concerns, the transplant community has viewed xenotransplantation as a critical area of research that could significantly alleviate the organ shortage crisis. According to the United Network for Organ Sharing, over 100,000 people in the United States are currently on the waiting list for a transplant, with many dying before they receive one.<h4>The Legacy of a Pioneer</h4>Slayman's family, in a statement, expressed their deep sadness at his passing but also a profound sense of pride in his willingness to participate in a procedure that could pave the way for future advances in medical science. They noted that his courageous decision brought them additional precious weeks together, which they cherish deeply."Rick was a pioneer in the truest sense of the word," the family stated. "His decision to participate in this experimental procedure was a testament to his hope, bravery, and desire to contribute to a future where no one else would have to suffer as he did."<h4>Looking Forward</h4>While the medical community mourns the loss of Richard Slayman, his legacy lives on in the data and insights gained from his case. Researchers and clinicians continue to study the outcomes of xenotransplantation closely, hopeful that such transplants may one day become routine, providing lifesaving options for thousands of patients.As the field of xenotransplantation evolves, the medical community remains committed to exploring all avenues that can lead to saving more lives, even as they navigate the complex ethical landscape that accompanies such pioneering medical endeavors.

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